ABSTRACT The article analyzes the role played by the public administration between that field and the private one, taking as a reference the Cuban society. It shows the relevance of this cooperation for many municipalities where the administration is unable to solve problems of importance to the population and its welfare. Therefore, the relationship between the public and private sectors is necessary to promote sustainable development in Cuba and, under the leadership of the Public Administration, to achieve the medium and long-term strategic objectives are improve the quality of life of the population.

RESUMEN El artículo analiza el papel que desempeña la administración pública en la relación entre ese ámbito y el privado, tomando como referencia la sociedad cubana. Se demuestra la relevancia que tiene esta cooperación para muchos municipios, donde la administración no logra solucionar problemas de importancia para la población y su bienestar. Por tanto, es necesaria la relación entre el sector público y el privado para promover el desarrollo sostenible en Cuba y que bajo el liderazgo de la administración pública se cumplan los objetivos estratégicos de mediano y largo plazo y se eleve la calidad de vida de la población.

Abstract: Commercially available propofol suspensions, due to their pharmaceutical composition, support the growth of several microorganisms; the administration of propofol suspensions that became microbially-contaminated after being removed from their original vial, has been linked to postsurgical infections. Addition of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) salts delays the growth of such microorganisms. Here, we compared the growth of seven bacterial strains and three yeast strains, along 48 hours and at three different incubation temperatures (room temperature, 35 and 42 oC), in four propofol formulations available in Mexico, one of them with supplemented EDTA. Consistently, microbial growth was diminished in the formulation supplemented with EDTA, compared to the other three, although with variations between microorganisms and incubation temperatures: from initial reduction in viable organisms, to complete and sustained growth inhibition, to only partial growth inhibition. While the addition of EDTA to propofol suspensions must not be considered as a substitute for aseptic handling of the drug, it certainly diminishes microbial growth that can occur after accidental contamination, reducing the infection risk for the patient.

Resumen: Las suspensiones comerciales de propofol, por su composición farmacéutica, soportan el crecimiento de diversos microorganismos; la aplicación de propofol, contaminado microbianamente luego de ser retirado de su envase original, ha sido vinculada a brotes de infección postoperatoria. La adición de sales de ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) retarda el crecimiento de estos microorganismos. Aquí se comparó el crecimiento, a lo largo de 48 horas y en tres temperaturas (ambiente, 35 y 42 oC), de siete cepas bacterianas y tres de levaduras, en cuatro formulaciones de propofol disponibles en México, una de ellas adicionada con EDTA. Consistentemente, el crecimiento fue menor en la suspensión con EDTA, comparada con las tres que no lo contienen, con variaciones entre microorganismos y temperaturas: desde muerte inicial de parte del inóculo, o inhibición completa y sostenida del crecimiento, hasta inhibición parcial. Aunque la adición de EDTA no debe considerarse como un sustituto del manejo aséptico del propofol, que debe extenderse durante el período perioperatorio, ciertamente disminuye la proliferación microbiana que puede darse por contaminación accidental, disminuyendo asimismo el riesgo de infección para el paciente.

Absract OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between telorragia and breast cancer in a Mexican population in a highly concentrated Medical Unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective, analytical study in patients with telorragia treated at FUCAM from January 2007 to December 2016. Proportion calculation and a "node type" sub-analysis were carried out, between telorragia plus nodule versus telorragia alone, by means of χ2, relative risk, and 95% confidence interval with statistical package SPSS 23.0. RESULTS: 169 patients were studied, 42 of them presented a definitive diagnosis of breast cancer. The telorragia was associated in 24.8% to cancer, and when it was associated with nodule the probability of malignancy was 63%. When comparing the subgroups with more nodule vs telorrhagia alone, an OR of 4.2 was found for the first group (95% CI 2.5-6.8, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the probability of malignancy in cases of telorrhagia alone in the Mexican population in a referral hospital is in the high range in relation to the historical world, and is associated with a nodule, the probability is significantly higher.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre telorragia y cáncer de mama en población mexicana atendida en una unidad médica de alta concentración. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico efectuado en pacientes con telorragia atendidas entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2016 en la Fundación de Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM). Se efectuó el cálculo de proporciones y un subanálisis “tipo nodo” entre telorragia más nódulo versus telorragia sola, mediante χ2, riesgo relativo e intervalo de confianza al 95% con el paquete estadístico SPSS 23.0. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 169 pacientes, 42 de ellas con diagnóstico definitivo de cáncer de mama. La telorragia se asoció en 24.8% con cáncer, y cuando estuvo asociada con un nódulo la probabilidad de malignidad fue de 63%. Al comparar los subgrupos: telorragia más nódulo vs telorragia sola, se encontró una razón de momios de 4.2 para el primer grupo (IC95%: 2.5-6.8; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio demostró que la probabilidad de malignidad en los casos de telorragia sola en población mexicana, en un hospital de referencia, se encuentra en el límite alto en relación con el histórico mundial, y cuando se asocia con un nódulo la probabilidad es significativamente mayor.

ABSTRACT Prosopis juliflora is a shrub that has been used to feed animals and humans. However, a synergistic action of piperidine alkaloids has been suggested to be responsible for neurotoxic damage observed in animals. We investigated the involvement of programmed cell death (PCD) and autophagy on the mechanism of cell death induced by a total extract (TAE) of alkaloids and fraction (F32) from P. juliflora leaves composed majoritary of juliprosopine in a model of neuron/glial cell co-culture. We saw that TAE (30 µg/mL) and F32 (7.5 µg/mL) induced reduction in ATP levels and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential at 12 h exposure. Moreover, TAE and F32 induced caspase-9 activation, nuclear condensation and neuronal death at 16 h exposure. After 4 h, they induced autophagy characterized by decreases of P62 protein level, increase of LC3II expression and increase in number of GFP-LC3 cells. Interestingly, we demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin and vinblastine increased the cell death induced by TAE and autophagy induced by serum deprivation and rapamycin reduced cell death induced by F32 at 24 h. These results indicate that the mechanism neural cell death induced by these alkaloids involves PCD via caspase-9 activation and autophagy, which seems to be an important protective mechanism.

Help-seeking is a process that is influenced by individual, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors. The current study examined these influences on the likelihood of seeking help (police, pressing charges, medical services, social services, and informal help) for interpersonal violence among a national sample of Latino women. Women living in high-density Latino neighborhoods in the USA were interviewed by phone in their preferred language. Women reporting being, on average, between "somewhat likely" and "very likely" to seek help should they experience interpersonal victimization. Sequential linear regression results indicated that individual (age, depression), interpersonal (having children, past victimization), and sociocultural factors (immigrant status, acculturation) were associated with the self-reported likelihood of seeking help for interpersonal violence. Having children was consistently related to a greater likelihood to seek all forms of help. Overall, women appear to respond to violence in ways that reflects their ecological context. Help-seeking is best understood within a multi-layered and dynamic context.

La búsqueda de ayuda es un proceso en el que influyen factores individuales, interpersonales y socioculturales. Este estudio analiza esta influencia en la probabilidad de buscar ayuda (policía, presentar cargos, servicios sanitarios o sociales y ayuda informal) en caso de violencia interpersonal en una muestra nacional de mujeres latinas. Se entrevistó telefónicamente en su idioma preferido a mujeres que viven en barrios latinos muy poblados de EE.UU. Sus respuestas fueron que la probabilidad media de pedir ayuda si experimentaran una victimización interpersonal estaría entre "algo" y "muy probable". Los resultados de una regresión lineal secuencial indican que los factores individuales (edad, depresión), interpersonales (tener hijos, victimizaciones pasadas) y socioculturales (estatus de inmigrante, aculturación) se asociaban con la probabilidad manifestada por ellas de pedir ayuda en caso de violencia interpersonal. Tener hijos es la variable que guardaba una relación más estable con la probabilidad de pedir cualquier tipo de ayuda. En conjunto parece que las respuestas de las mujeres a la violencia reflejan su contexto ecológico. La búsqueda de ayuda se entiende mejor en un contexto dinámico de múltiples capas.

The effect of Brea Gum (BG) addition on a basic bread formulation is described. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of BG on the characteristics of wheat bread in terms of changes in moisture, texture, retrogradation of amylopectin, and microstructure. Bread quality was assessed by the physical parameters (volume, specific volume index, width/height ratio, crumb moisture, color, and hardness) and crumb grain structure (total cell number, total cell area, average size of cells, and number of cells per unit area). The effect of BG on the characteristics of the crumb during 24, 48, and 72 hours of storage was determined according to changes in moisture, hardness, and amylopectin retrogradation. Furthermore, the microstructure of the crumb was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show the ability of BG to retain moisture in the bread crumb, which was expressed by the lower hardness of the bread crumbs with the addition of the hydrocolloid at 48 and 72 hours of storage. This effect was also evident in the microstructure.